GERUND

Study the dialogue then answer the following questions

An Thieq   :  Hello, Bha Thieq, what do you want to get?

Bha Thieq :  Hi, An. I’d like to get some books on gardening.

An Thieq   :  Great! Do you like gardening?

Bha Thieq :  Yes, indeed working in the garden is my hobby.

An Thieq   :  That’s a nice hobby. You’ll have a lot of fun then.

Bha Thieq :  I’m always interested in growing new plants. That’s why reading new books is  

                          important for me.

An Thieq   :  Well, I suppose you’ll be an expert in gardening.

Bha Thieq :  Thank you. I like helping people improve their surrounding.

1.Where might the conversation happen?

2.What might the two boys be doing there?

3.Why does Bha Thieq like growing flowers?

4. Whay does he want to get somme new books?

5. How does he like helping people

Answer and discuss in groups

1.Underline all the verbs –ing (-ING form) in the dialogue.

2.Pay attention to the position of the V-ing, describe one by one.

3.The V-ing in the dialogue is called ‘Gerund’. Write down the patterns.

A gerund s a verb form that functions as a noun.

             1. THE GERUND AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

EXAMPLES

• Eating people is wrong.
• Hunting tigers is dangerous.
• Flying makes me nervous.
• Brushing your teeth is important.
• Smoking causes lung cancer.

2. THE GERUND AS THE OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

EXAMPLES

      - I like reading novel

      - We appreciate your giving me much of your time

      - Try to avoid making him angry

a. Verbs usually followed by the gerund :

      admit                         excuse                            prevent

      anticipate                  finish                             propose (=suggest)

      appreciate                 forgive                           recollect

      avoid                          imagine                         remember

      consider                     involve                          risk

      delay                           keep (=continue)        save

      deny                            mind (=object)            stop

      dislike                         miss                               suggest

      enjoy                          pardon                           understand

      escape                        postpone  

3. THE GERUND AS THE COMPLEMENT OF THE VERB 'TO BE'

EXAMPLES

• One of his duties is attending meetings.
• The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund.
• One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.

4. THE GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS

EXAMPLES

• Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
• She is good at painting.
• She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.
• We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.
• My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.
• There's no point in waiting.
• In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time.
• When will you give up smoking?
• She always puts off going to the dentist.
• He kept on asking for money.
• Jim ended up buying a new TV after his old one broke.

5. THE GERUND IN COMPOUND NOUNS

• I am giving Sally a driving lesson.
• They have a swimming pool in their back yard.
• I bought some new running shoes.

6. THE GERUND AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS

The gerund is necessary after the expressions can't help, can't stand, to be worth, & it's no use.

EXAMPLES

• She couldn't help falling in love with him.
• I can't stand being stuck in traffic jams.
• It's no use trying to escape.
• It might be worth phoning the station to check the time of the train.

EXERCISES

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the –ING form and mention the function.

1.(read) is a good hobby.

2.(travel) abroad costs a lot of money.

3.(be) diligent and active is necessary for a students.

4.I don’t mind your (smoke) here.

5.Stop (come) late and try (be) punctual.

6.By (work) hard you’ll be successful.

7.The baby’s (cry) was heard outside the room.

8.She still likes (study), she hate (be) a housewife.

II. Put the verb in brackets into Gerund or Infinitive.

1. We're going out for dinner. Would you like _____ us? (join)

2. Jack avoided ___ at me. (look at)

3. Fred didn't have any money, so he decided ____ a job. (find)

4. The teacher reminded the students ____ their assignment. (submit)

5. Do you enjoy ____ soccer? (play)

6. I was broken, so Jenny offered _____ me a little money. (lend)

7. I don't mind ____ alone. (go home)

8. My boss expects me _____ this work as soon as possible. (finish)

9. Residents are not allowed ____ pets in my apartment building. (raise)

10. Someone asked me ____ this package. (receive)

Have a nice work !

Sources:
- http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/gerund/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund

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PROCEDURE tTEXT

Procedural/Instructional Text

Procedure involves following steps:
1. Title (purpose)
     example: - How To Install CD Driver
                     - How  To Lay Foundation
                     - How To Change Oil in a Car

2. Ingredients/Materials
     example: Material - cement
                                   - send
                                   - water
                     Tool : - bucket
                                - shovel
                              
3. Steps/ Method
    example: - First, prepare all the material
                    - Second, put cement and sand into a bucket
                    - Next, mix them
                    - etc.

4. Tips (not always)
     It is a comment or suggestion of how to do the steps or how to serve the result.

ASSIGNMMENT

Make/Write a simple procedural text related to your own program !
Example : 1. For XI TKR  or TAB students
                      - How To Change Oil
                      - How To Change Tyre Using Jackstand
                      - etc

THIS ASSIGNMENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN AND SENT TO my E-mail; yatidjoko@gmail.com and
1. Make A VIDEO about what you have written and send to my email too, OR
2. When you will have finished your OJT and come to school, you must practice it in front of the class in English lesson 
All the assignments must be done individually.                     

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EXPRESSING SURPRISES, NECESSITY AND EXPECTATION

I. EXPRESSING SURPRISES
.  OBSERVING AND QUESTIONING

Task 1: Observe the Dialogs.
Read these dialogs. Pay attention to the italicized expressions. Answer the questions that follow.

Dialog 1
Amida : You know what? My extended family is going to hold a surprise birthday party for my                         grandmother next week.
Diana  : Wow! That sounds great. How old is she?
Amida : She’ll be 75 on August 13.
Diana  : Really? I didn’t know that she was that age. I thought that she WAS still around 60. She                       looks much younger.
Amida : I think so. Thanks.

Dialog 2
Zahra : Have you heard the latest news about our school?
Raisa : No. What about it?
Zahra : It got Grade A from the National Accreditation Body.
Raisa : Wow! That’s terrific. We should be very proud.
Zahra : We are. It means that our school is of good quality.

Questions
1. Where do you think each of the conversations takes place?
2. What are the relationships between the speakers?
3. What are the functions of the italicized words?

Language Expressions
Some common expressions of surprises are:
1. You know what?
2. Guess what?
3. Wow! That sounds great.
4. Really?
5. That’s terrific!

Task 2
Complete the dialogs expressing surprise

Dialog 1
Zeni : Have you heard that the due date for the final project is extended?
Riza : ...............................?
Zeni : Yes. It will be due next month.
Riza : .........................! .................. I haven’t even started yet.
Zeni : Neither have I.

Dialog 2
Roni : .....................? Our favorite singer Maher Zain is touring again here next month.
Ida    : ...............................! That.............................
Roni : We will get a discounted price for the concert tickets in the news agency if we can show our
            student ID card.
Ida    : Let's do it.

Dialog 3
Toni : Mum is planning to buy us each a study desk.
Nina : ...........................? We don’t need to share then. Thank God.
Toni : Yes. I have wanted a bigger study desk for a long time.

Task 3: Create your own.
Create a dialog that contains expressions of surprises

II. EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND EXPECTATION




Task 1: Observe the dialogs.

Read these dialogs. Pay attention to the bold- typed word/s expressions

Dialog 1
Luki : What’s the matter with you? Are you feeling OK?
Farah : No, not really. I have a toothache.
Luki : Have you seen the dentist?
Farah : Not yet. Many things to do in the office.
Luki : You must talk to the boss. You have to leave early and go to the dentist.
Farah : I’ll do that.
Luki : Hope you’ll feel better. Take care.
Farah : Thanks.


Dialog 2
Dian : What do we have to prepare for the next trip?
Rian : We are supposed to bring winter clothes. Three pieces at least. We also have to take with us                  our personal medication.
Dian : Are we supposed to bring some food as well?
Rian : No. It’s provided by the school.

Dialog 3
Stranger : Excuse me. I need to go to Arjosari. How long will it take from this bus station?
Tania      : Around one and a half hours.
Stranger : Do I have to change buses?
Tania      : Yes. You have to change at Gadang terminal.
Stranger : Thank you.
Tania      : No worries.
Questions
1. Where do you think each of the conversations takes place?
2. What are the functions of the bold-typed words?

Task 1
Check whether you understand the functions of the expressions of necessity and expectations. Complete the table like the examples.

SENTENCES                                                FUNCTION
You have to see the doctor.                            It is necessary for you to see the doctor.
You must talk to the boss.                              ....................
You must talk to the boss.                              ....................
You must talk to the boss.                              .......................
We are supposed to bring winter clothes.      We are expected (by someone) to bring winter clothes.
We are supposed to bring some food.            We are expected (by someone) to bring some food.
I need to go to Arjosari station.                     .......................
You have to change at Gadang station.         .........................

Task 2
ASSOCIATING
Task 1: Use the expressions of necessity.
Complete the sentences using your own words.
1. Students must..............................................................................
2. Children have to...........................................................................
3. Parents must ...............................................................................
4. Drivers have to.............................................................................
5. Foreigners must ..........................................................................

Task 3
Complete the sentences using your own words
Use the expressions of necessity.
1. Students are supposed to...........................................................
2. Children are supposed to...........................................................
3. Parents are supposed to.............................................................
4. Drivers are supposed to..............................................................

5. Foreigners are supposed to.......................................................

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CAPTION

CAPTION

         A caption, also known as a cutline, is text that appears below an image. Most captions draw attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its relevance to the text.
        Captions can consist of a few words of description, or several sentences. Along with the title, the lead, and section headings, captions are the most commonly read words in an article, sothey should be succinct and informative (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Wikipedia:ManualofStyle/Captions).
        Captions also include a short title or heading of an article in a magazine or newspaper. Words shown on a cinema or television screen to establish the scene of a story are also
called captions.
       There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption clearly identifies the subject of the picture without detailing the obvious. It is succinct, establishes the picture'srelevance to the article, provides context for the picture, and draws the reader into the article.

Some examples of Caption:

https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=859109167205636639#allposts

Task 1    
 Find 5 pictures and give caption to each of them !

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CHAPTER 1 : Six Thing To Do If You VisitbSeattle

TUGAS CHAPTER 1

B. OBSERVING AND QUESTIONING

Reading: Read the following text.

Six Things To Do If You Visit Seattle

There are 6 must-have experiences that you should do if you visit Seattle where city and nature come together. If you visit Seattle, arrive with this list in hand and you’ll be off to a foolproof start for

exploring the Emerald City’s most unforgettable sights and sounds. If you visit Seattle :

1. Feel the fresh air on your face as you sail to Bainbrige Island on a Washington State Ferry.

From the ferry you can enjoy the view of the Seattle skyline. You can also stroll around downtown’s galleries, boutiques, coffeehouses and cafes. Seasonal gardens and natural woodlands at the Boedel

Reserve is another option.

2. Why don’t you tour Pike Place Market’s produce stands and buy something you’ve never

tasted. The Pike Place Market is much more than a farmers’ market. Its entire district full of shopping, attractions and favorite sights. The area is Festival of sounds, tastes and smells is part of the reason it’s called the ‘soul of Seattle’. Amid all the joyful hubbub, make sure you take

time to spot these beloved icons.

3. Book a night at one of the many cozy B & Bs or resorts available throughout the Sun

Juan Islands. Cozy bed and breakfasts are perfect way to enjoy the friendly island culture. Here, you can tour the numerous art galleries in Friday Harbor. You canalso enjoy naturalist-guided tours, wildlife spotting, whale watching and storm watching.

4. See exciting and experimental works at Chihuly Garden and Glass. A visit to this site is an

opportunity to take full advantage of the location at the Seattle Center, a premier destination for

arts, entertainment and leisure activities. Explore the Space Needle and Pacific Science Center. Experience Music Project and a variety of cultural activities offered throughout the year.

5. Watch the world’s most sophisticated aircraft be built before your eyes at the Boeing factory in

Mukilteo. Explore the dynamics of flight and experience new aviation innovation. Go behind the

scenes at Boeing to watch the very same jets you may one day be a passenger on being assembled.

6. For a sweet treat, tour the Theo Chocolate factory in Freemont and learn how their delicious confections are made. This factory has a mission to create change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where it has 300,000 square miles of farmable land but only 2% is being farmed

due to conflict there. The factory trains 2,000 Congolese farmers to grow high quality cocoa.

Vocabulary Builder : Observe the reading text above and write down the synonym of the following words.

f o o l p r o o f ( a d j ) : ……………………………. .

s t r o l l ( v ) : ……………………………. .

p r o d u c e ( n ) : ……………………………. .

a m i d ( p r e p ) : ……………………………. .

h u b b u b ( n ) : ……………………………. . .

c o z y ( a d j ) : ……………………………. . .

w i l d l i f e ( n ) : ……………………………. . .

l e i s u r e ( n ) : ……………………………. . .

s o p h i s t i c a t e d ( a d j ) : …………………. .

a v i a t i o n ( n ) : ……………………………. .

a s s e m b l e ( v ) : …………………………….

t r e a t ( n ) : ……………………………. . . . . .

COLLECTING INFORMATION

Practice: Asking and Answering Questions Still related to the reading text above, play the

roles of the speakers in the pictures. Complete the blanks with suitable expressions.

Task 1

A : What is another name for Seattle?

B : It is called the Emerald City.

A : What can we do at the Bloedel Reserve?

B : We can visit seasonal gardens and natural woodlands.

A : What can we do at the Pike Place Market?

B : We can tour .....................................and............................

A : .............................................................................................

B : Its entire district is full of shopping, attraction and sights.

A : .............................................................................................?

B : The area's festival of sounds, tastes and smells.

A : ....................................Chihuly Garden and Glass?

B : It is a premier destination for arts, entertainment and

favorite sights.

A : ......................................at Chihuly Garden and Glass?

B : The Space Needle and Pacific Science Center.

A : Where...........................?

B : At the Boeing factory in Mukilteo.

A : ..............................?

B : Explore the dynamics of flights and experience new aviation innovation.

A : ...........................for a sweet treat?

B : Tour the Theo Chocolate factory in Freemont.

A : ..............................?

B : The mission of the chocolate factory is to create change in the Democratic Republic of Congo            (DRC).

Task 2

Please complete the following sentences by referring to the reading text above.

Example:

If you visit Seattle, arrive with...............................................

If you visit Seattle, arrive with this list of six must-have experiences.

1. If you visit Seattle, the first thing to do is ........................................................................................................................................

2. The second thing to do is ..........................................................

3. The 'Soul of Seattle' is the name for .........................because ...................................

4. .....................................................is the third instruction to follow if you visit Seattle.

5. If I am in the San Juan Islands, I will be able to enjoy ..............................................

6. The fourth instruction to follow is .............................................................................

7. Chihuly Garden and Glass customer service may offer a  help to a guest saying .........................................................................................................................................

8. If you were an aircraft factory staff, what would you say to

    offer help for your visitors. What if ...............................................................................

9. Two instructions to follow at the Boeing factory are ...................................and  

    ...........................................................................

10. Imagine you are visiting Lake Toba with your classmates. Your friends want to go canoeing

      but do not know how to do it. What would you say to help them .........................................

Task 3

ASSOCIATING

Grammar Review

Read the following conversation

Father : Exam is around the corner. It's about time to go back to your study.

Son     : Okay, Dad.

Father : If you want to pass the exam, you have to study harder.

Son     : Thanks, Dad.

Dela : Where can I get inexpensive price for good quality shoes?

Emi  : If you want a good price, why don't you go to the factory outlet?

Mr.Lukman : If you want to be the chair of OSIS, offer a good program to improve the school                                    environment.

Nyoman      : Sure, I will.

Mom : If you don't put some cherries on it, your cake will look pale and dull.

Etty   : Yes, you're right. A cherry or two will help the appearance.

Complete the following blanks by looking at the information in the conversations above. Number 1

is given to you as the example.

1. An example of ‘if clause’ + a reminder is:

    If you want to pass the exam, you have to study harder.

2. An example of 'if clause' + a suggestion is:

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

3. An example of 'if clause' + a general truth is:

.....................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

4. An example of 'if clause' + an imperative is:

......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

5. An example of 'if clause' to show a dream is:

......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

Task 4

Create 5 sentences that show :

1. if clause + a reminder

2. if clause + a suggestion

3. if clause + a general truth/opinion

4. if clause + an imperative/request

5. if clause to show a dream

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REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

EXAMPLES

• She says, "What time will you be home?"
• She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

Study the examples in the following pictures !

  When we change the Direct/ Non- Reported speech in to Indirect/Reported speech, there are some changes that we must give attention to them.

Study the following Power Point!

Let's practice !

Change these sentences into  Reported Speech

1. Chaterine said,” I know these 2 girls quiet well”.

2. The doctor said to me,”Your health will improve very quickly”.

3. “I am going to buy you some books tommorrow”,mother told me.

4. His sister told him, “I don’t know where the key is”

5. “We went to Jakarta last week”, said the Brown.

6. Harold said “I phones my mother every morning”.

7. The teacher told his students’ “You may leave the class now”.

8. Melly told her friends, “I wrote 2 messages to you”.

9.  Mr. Peterson said, “I have to go to the meeting now”.

10. Ricardo told her, “I am here waiting for you”.

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PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Study how we change an active sentence is changed into a passive one from the ppt below

Let's Practice !

Make this sentences into passive!

1. Julia has rescued three cats.

2. The students will receive the reports.

3. Maria drove the blue car.

4. Alex learned the poem.

5. Steven has forgotten the book.

6. the maid has not wined the windows.

7. They are playing smackball.

8. Sue puts the rudsack on the floor.

9. The girl has lost her keys.

10. The teacher is not going to open the window.

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REPORT TEXT

Watch and study the following video!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aslpwe_IefI

Don't forget that Report text is different from Descriptive text.

Here are the difference..

CONCLUSION

1. “A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or announce something.       The information given in a report text is very general information.”

2. "Social function of report text is to present information about something generally to the reader.”

3. Generic Structure of Report Text
    A. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place,              plant, etc which will be discussed in general
    B. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part, customs or              deed for living creature and usage for materials and things

4. Language Feature of Report Text
     • Introducing group or general aspect
     • Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
     • Using simple present tense

LET'S PRACTICE !

TEXT 1

COMPUTER

       Computers are machine that handle information automatically. They can perform calculations and process data. Computers can work with numbers to solve problems in a few seconds. Computers can remember a great deal of information. That is why computers are widely used in places such as banks, offices and companies.

       Computers work like calculators. But most calculators can do only one thing at a time. We tell them what to do by pressing various buttons. To do the same work, we can give a series of instructions to a computer. We call this a computer program. If we set up a program, the computer can provide other information, such as a list, numbers, letters, word or even graphs or pictures. Once we provide a program, the computer can do all this work automatically without further help or instruction.

       A computer stores and handles numbers. The numbers may be mathematical formulas or columns of figures. The numbers may also be codes that stand for letters of the alphabet, words or instructions to the computer.

I. Answer these question based on the text above in short!

    1. What can a computer do dealing with information.

    2. Hong long can a computer give us information?

    3. Why do many banks, offices and companies need computers

    4. What is a computer program?

    5. Can a computer give us data we need without instruction?

    6. How does a computer store and handle numbers?

    7. Find out the main idea of each paragraph !

II. Find the synonyms of the words below, in the text! 

     1. manage                         5. give

     2. find the answer             6. without further instruction

     3. over a large area           7. pattern

     4. configure                      8. abbreviate

TEXT 2

Octopus

The Octopus is an ocean creature with eight effective feet which it utilizes as hands. These are called tentacles or limbs. “Octopus” originates from two words that have meaning “eight feet”.

The octopus, the squid and the cuttlefish fit in with the same family that has no outside shells. Their bodies are secured totally with skin. Along these lines the assortment of an octopus is delicate. It would appear that a huge blow up. A completely developed octopus can be as huge as 8,5 meters from the tip of one arms to the tip of another. It can weigh as much as 45 kilograms.

Other than utilizing its tentacles or limbs to catch little fish, ocean plants, crab and lobsters, the octopus additionally utilizes them against its adversaries. The octopus wraps its appendages around the exploited person and crushes it before eating it

The octopus escapes from its adversaries by giving out a thick dull liquid to obscure the water. It can likewise change the color of its body to match its surroundings. It escapes its enemies by doing this.

I. Answer the questions below based on the text in short!

1. Which group of sea creatures belongs to the same family with octopus?
2. How much a fully-grown octopus can weigh?
3. How does the octopus look for food?
4. Before the octopus eats its victim, the octopus ……………
5. How large a fully-grown octopus can be from the tip of one tentacle to the tip of another?
6. What does the word “octopus” mean in Greek?
7. The word them in paragraph 3 refers to the octopus’s ………………….
8. What does the octopus do to run away or escape from its enemy?
9. Find out the topic of each paragraph!

II. Fill in the blanks with  the provided words below!

     - tentacles    - delicate       - wrap

     - fit in          - weigh          - liquid

     1. Air is a fluid but not ...

     2. In order we can be together, I must ... my holidays with yours.

     3. I'd like to give her a surprising gift for her birthday and I'll ... it with a special paper.

     4. Cuttlefish have a large, elongated body with ... surrounding their mouths.

     5. When people are ill, they need ... food.

     6. You must ... flour, sugar and butter for the cake precisely.

TASK 1
Write R to the Report text and D to the Descriptive one
1. 

 2. 

3. 

4.

5

TASK 2 

Find a Report text about technology and mention its generic structure and the topic/main idea of each paragraph !

Do the best !

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